Lingula family You can see it on the inner surface of the occipital cortex. G. SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION Phylum Brachiopoda Class Inarticulata Order Lingulida Superfamily Lingulacea Family Lingulidae Genus Lingula Bruguiere, 1797 Dumeril 1806 Huxley 1869 Waagen 1885 Menke 1828 Sep 18, 2015 · The Lingula genome provides insights into brachiopod evolution and the origin of phosphate biomineralization. The genus Lingula was created in 1791 (not 1797) by BRUGUIÈRE and in 1801 LAMARCK named the first species L. Lingula) — род плеченогих из отряда лингулид [швед. Lingulidae: pictures (1) Genus Lingula. Most commonly, the apicoposterior and anterior segments receive blood supply from an apicoanterior trunk. Лингула (лат. Samanta, A. Lingula rostrum (Shaw, 1798) Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801 Lingula tumidula Reeve, 1841 Lingula parva Smith, 1871 Lingula adamsi Dall, 1873 Lingula reevei Davidson, 1880 Lingula translucida Dall, 1920 Lingula sp. ––– lingula (ligula) — «язык» из-за языковидной раковины. My grandmother also lives with us. The lingula lung, often an overlooked component of pulmonary anatomy, plays a crucial role in our respiratory system. Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801 Common oriental lamp shell Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050: This map was computer-generated and has not yet Proper care and attention to lung lingula function can contribute to overall well-being and improve respiratory outcomes. Lingula anatina is a brachiopod species in the genus Lingula. Lingula, en Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Izberite jezikovni tečaj, ki vam najbolj ustreza: v skupini, e-učenje, individualni tečaj Lingulina govorna metoda omogoča hiter napredek. This Lingula genome provides resources for further Apr 24, 2023 · For those genera that have a long stratigraphical duration, one species was placed at the base of the clade (like Lingularia for family Lingulidae, and Trematis for family Discinidae), and another species that exhibits fully developed characteristics (like Lingula for family Lingulidae, and Discinisca for family Feb 11, 2021 · The lingula is a combined term for the two lingular bronchopulmonary segments of the left upper lobe: superior lingular segment; inferior lingular segment; The two lingular segments are the most anterior of the segments in the left upper lobe lying below the apicoposterior and anterior segments and above the oblique fissure. May 20, 2016 · The geographic population patterns of Lingula anatina across the Indo-West Pacific region are analyzed based on mitochondrial COI and nuclear EF-1α gene sequences. In contrast, the presence of solitary lingular bronchiectasis without segmental disease of the lung elsewhere has been infrequent. Es ist wichtig zu wissen, dass sie Teil des linken Lungenflügels ist und sich in der Nähe des Herzens befindet. 435. My brothers are very smart and work hard in school. Like its relatives, it has two unadorned organo-phosphatic valves and a long fleshy stalk. This article will discuss the lingula and some of the abnormalities that can be identified on imaging studies. However the term lingula is used to denote a projection of the upper lobe of the left lung that serves as the homologue. （英文） Proof that Lingula (Brachiopoda) is not a living-fossil, and emended diagnoses of the Family Lingulidae （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） A paper that argues that genus Lingula is not as old as most think. 4 days ago · The lingula represents an analog for the middle lobe of the right lung, which is absent in the left lung due to the position of the heart on the left side of the thoracic cavity. [1] These were the earliest of brachiopods, ranging from the Cambrian into the Holocene. This area of the left lobe - the lingula, means little tongue (in Latin) and is often referred to as the tongue in the lung. Lingula lives in burrows in barren sandy coastal seafloor and f May 1, 2018 · This protein family also found in Cephalochordata and Hemichordata (but not in lophotrochozoans other than brachiopods) was therefore named ecTIR-DC family 16 (Fig. Résumé : Preuves que Lingula (Brachiopoda) n'est pas un fossile vivant, avec de nouvelles diagnoses pour les taxons de la Famille des Lingulidae. R26/f7500). Habitat of Lingula with even density present on intertidal areas, which is found partially exposed in the middle intertidal muddy area during low tide. - 2023 _____ Fossils _____ ? Lingula tenuis Sowerby. Consequently, traditional opinion that Lingula is a "living-fossil" should be rejected. The genus Lingulella is a fossil form known from the Cambrian and was similar in appearance and structure to the modern Lingula. La língula está Feb 11, 2021 · The lingula is a combined term for the two lingular bronchopulmonary segments of the left upper lobe: superior lingular segment; inferior lingular segment; The two lingular segments are the most anterior of the segments in the left upper lobe lying below the apicoposterior and anterior segments and above the oblique fissure. In addition to the aforementioned families, a few membrane-bound receptors lacking recognizable ectodomains were also present in L. Lingulids are shallow burrowing infaunal filter feeders of the shallow intertidal zone. Lingula dregeri Mar 16, 2025 · The lingula is a small tongue-like projection of the left lung that can be mentioned on radiology reports. Lingula species are eaten in the eastern Pacific islands, from Japan to New Caledonia. By Christian C. Brachiopods are easily distinguished from molluscs Apr 1, 2013 · The phylogenetically older SLC26–SulP gene family (2. Like its relatives, it has two unadorned organophosphatic valves and a long fleshy stalk. Figure 2: CUVIER (1802): p. 70. ] класса лингулят. Animalia: information (1) Animalia: pictures (22861) Family Lingulidae. Lingula Pneumonia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. Tečaj španščine z učitelji, ki vam ne pustijo spati. Prebudite govorca v sebi! Dogovorite se za brezplačen osebni pogovor z učiteljem. Emig. 53. Family LINGULIDAE Menke, 1828 . tcdb. I have two brothers and one sister, and I was born last. Lingula anatina Name Synonyms Lingula affinis Hancock, 1858 Lingula hirundo Reeve, 1859 Lingula lepidula Adams, 1863 Lingula murphiana Reeve, 1859 Lingula nipponica Hayasaka, 1931 Lingula smaragdina Adams, 1863 Lingula unguis (Linnaeus, 1758) Lingula waikatoensis Penseler, 1930 Homonyms Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801 Search for lingule feminine noun 1791 lingula (from J. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Lingulella is a genus of phosphatic-shelled [6] brachiopod. They rapidly diversified during the Cambrian into the Ordovician, but most families became extinct by the end of the Devonian. Neocrania anomala (Müller), 1776, North Atlantic Ocean Lingula anatina, growth, length-weight relationship, condition factor 1. Species accounts List of Species Neocrania anomala Glottidia pyramidata No common name. anatina is recognized as type species of genus Lingula, it was originally described as Patella unguis Linnaeus (1758) who confused two different animals (a Mollusk and Brachiopod, with Patella unguis now recognized as a Gastropod Mollusk). Understanding the Lingula Lung Oct 24, 2023 · Ainsi, la lingula constitue la partie du lobe supérieur du poumon gauche. It The lingula is shaped like a tongue, hence its name, and it extends anteriorly from the upper lobe. (2015), Lingula Bruguière, 1791, en WoRMS (Registro Mundial de Especies Marinas The calcarine sulcus is an important groove located in the occipital cortex. 1038/ncomms9301 Cite This Page : Tečaj nemščine za otroke, dijake in odrasle – po govorni metodi – osebni pristop – usposobljeni učitelji motivatorji – 20 let izkušenj Proof that Lingula (Brachiopoda) is not a living-fossil, Rediagnosis of the family Lingulidae. [1] Lingula is a good example of a living fossil. Lingula or forms very close in appearance have existed possibly since the Cambrian. _ _ ( ES) Emig, C. family Lingulidae genus Lingula species Lingula anatina Name Homonyms Lingula unguis (Linnaeus, 1758) Bibliographic References Jan 1, 2003 · Lingula, the type genus of the family, has been famous since Darwin (1859) noted that it showed little morphological change since the Silurian. Lingula lives from the tidal zone to 23 fathoms (about 42 metres [138 feet]). Most modern branchiopods anchor by the pedicle to pebbles, to the undersides of stones, or to other hard objects. Thuy Trieu Lagoon is located on the south-central coast of Vietnam, Family Lingulidae Menke, 1828. Ithas been shown that bronchiectasis of the lingula associated with left lower lobe bronchiectasis occurs in between 75 and 80 per cent of cases. Nature Communications , 2015; 6: 8301 DOI: 10. There is a theory that the lingula of the left lobe is actually a remnant of the left lung's middle lobe, which has gotten lost through evolution. Muscles open the valves and slide them laterally, or sideways, when feeding. Various other types of diseases have been seen in the lingular segment. They burrow in the sand of their brackish intertidal habitat. 폐의 링골라(lingula)는 왼쪽 폐의 상엽에 위치한 작은 혀 모양의 구조입니다. anatina, which was then studied by CUVIER (1802). M. of Kansas (KUMIP 73851). The first descriptions of Lingula were made from then extant specimens by three famous French scientists: BRUGUIÈRE, CUVIER, and LAMARCK. Tiene un lóbulo inferior y un lóbulo superior que se extiende hasta el diafragma. from the Deer Creek Limestone of Osage County, Kansas (KUMIP 72532). Introduction iopod, genus Lingula (lamp shell) belongs to family Lingulidae and phylum Brachiopoda, which is widely distributed in the Pacific and Indian, Atlantic oceans near the west coast of Africa [1]. Each model is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4. Bruguiere, Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature, I, 151a, pl. Lingular Pneumonia Symptoms. Species Lingula Healthy digital habits for your family start with the Google Family Link app. It is known from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale (Canada) to the Upper Ordovician Bromide Formation (United States) in North America. Genus Lingula Bruguière, 1791. It is important to realize that lingular disease can Working with others to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife, plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. [2013-03-08]. Aug 9, 2023 · Die Lingula ist ein kleiner Teil der Lunge, der sich auf der linken Seite befindet. The lingula is composed of bronchopulmonary segments, which are smaller divisions of the lung. 250) - two origins may be possible: (i) From the Latin Li(n)gula (diminutive of lingua “tongue”) indicating tongue-shaped elements; or (ii) Erudite diminutive from the Latin lingua “tongue A 76-year-old woman with a remote history of breast carcinoma and bilateral lung adenosquamous carcinoma presented with an enlarging pleural nodule at the lingula. 40) separated the Brachiopods from the Molluscs. Ce segment pulmonaire est ventilé par la bronche lingulaire tandis que l'artère lingulaire la The Lingula genome provides insights Gene family expansion, domain shuffling and co-option of genes appear to be the genomic background of Lingula’s unique biomineralization. Lingula is a genus of brachiopods within the class Lingulata. If the patient's condition warrants, we feel that resection is the treatment of choice in lingular bronchiectasis. Kingdom Animalia animals. It is important to understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for this Lingula unguis This project is supported by the National Science Foundation's Division of Environmental Biology through an award titled "Advancing Revisionary Taxonomy and Systematics: Integrative Research and Training in Tropical Taxonomy" ( DEB-1456674 ). Linguliformea is a subphylum of inarticulate brachiopods. Brezplačen pogovor z učiteljem za pravi tečaj. Aug 20, 2007 · The hemerythrin in extant Lingula has an oxygen equilibrium that is reversibly altered by pH changes (Manwell, 1960), which means that Lingula can store more oxygen when environments tend to be acidic, as would have been the case in the sea during the PTB period (Knoll et al. family. As such, lingulids had advantages to obtain and store more Feb 2, 2025 · 舌形贝属（学名： Lingula ）是舌形贝科下的一个属，俗名海豆芽，模式种是鸭嘴海豆芽（ Lingula anatina ）。 舌形贝属 动物 早在 寒武纪 中期就已存在 [ 1 ] 。 Lingula present in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-west Pacific area living in vertical burrows in sandy bottoms. The first descriptions of Lingula were made from then extant specimens by three famous French scientists: Bruguière, Cuvier, and Lamarck. In the left lower lobe there is an anterior basal segment, but no separate medial basal segment (LB7) due to the left-sided position of the heart in the All Lingula localities are referred to by the registered N. Diagnoses of the Family Lingulidae and of its three genera are herewith emended. Like others in its genus, L. Choudhury1 and S. Lingula is known to have existed since the early Ordovician period. Potrebujete pomoč pri izbiri tečaja? Posvetujte se z nami. 1–2. A modern genus, Lingula, is found in normal marine environments but is most common in muddy, brackish water that is poor in oxygen and generally unsuited to most organisms. Lamy & Andre (1941) and Rowell (1964) point out this issue an conclude that Lingula （英文） Proof that Lingula (Brachiopoda) is not a living-fossil, and emended diagnoses of the Family Lingulidae （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） A paper that argues that genus Lingula is not as old as most think. The digestive system components are all surrounded by a liver or digestive gland. The lingula is located on the anterior side of the left lung, inferior to the cardiac notch and superior to the oblique fissure. anatina is a filter feeder that uses a lophophore to extract food from water. In this article, we will explore the symptoms, causes, imaging and treatment options for lingular pneumonia. Svoj čas na jezikovnem tečaju v Linguli dobro izkoristite. В отличие от большинства других раковинных морских животных, чьи раковины состоят из карбоната кальция , раковины лингулят состоят из фосфата Strinjam se s pogoji varovanja podatkov in nameni obdelave Lingula, d. Lingula pneumonia is a specific type of pneumonia that affects the lung lingula. Gene family expansion, domain shuffling and co-option of genes appear to be the genomic background of Lingula's unique biomineralization. These orders do not contain fossil brachiopods commonly found in Kentucky. De lingula maakt deel uit van de bovenste lob van de linkerlong. ^ Jezikovna šola Lingula - z izvirno in dokazano učinkovito govorno metodo prebudimo govorca v vas! Dogovorite se za strokovno svetovanje. Through the eyes of Amal, we follow four generations of this family as they face loss, suffering, and exile, yet simultaneously find strength in love and hope. order. Jan 5, 2023 · Lingula is a modern example of Lingulata inarticulate brachiopods. Craniida. The shell is chitinophosphatic, and characteristically shaped like a fingernail. Lingula, en Fossilworks. taxonomy. With easy-to-use tools, you can understand how your child is spending time on their devices, share location, and manage privacy settings. Lingula mail info@lingula. It separates the cuneus (or cuneate gyrus) above it from the gyrus below it, known as the lingula (or lingual gyrus). My sister is a nervous girl, but she is very kind. This section of the article offers an insightful exploration of the lingula lung, its functions, and its importance in overall lung health. Sep 3, 2023 · The results showed that based on the morphological characteristics, only one species of brachiopods from the class Lingulata was found, namely Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801. It stretches across the cuneus and the Taxonomy While L. Dec 12, 2016 · From the generic viewpoint, Biernat and Emig (1993) assigned several Carboniferous species such as Lingula mytiloides Sowerby, 1813 in 1812-1815 to their new genus Lingularia, which was recently Wikimedia Commons contiene imágenes u otros archivos sobre Lingula; Wikiespecies contiene información sobre Lingula; Enlaces externos . We therefore, sought to ascertain Like using a information extract had enter beneath critical latest than your become repeatedly unkenntnis away one dates surface happen including they intimate get, extra for thereto lives previously till interact preferred. Composé d'un segment inférieur et d'un segment supérieur, la lingula est une structure pulmonaire qui tire son appellation de sa forme typique proche de celle d'une langue. 0 International License. May 1, 2024 · The lingula is part of the left upper lobe and has a superior/inferior orientation, while the middle lobe on the right is separate from the upper lobe and has a medial/lateral orientation. Function of the Lingula Lingula, a brachiopod genus of the family Lingulidae, which is among the few brachiopods surviving today but also known from fossils over 500 million years old; A wide strap above the instep in sandals; In anatomy: the Lingula of left lung, one of the segments of the left lung with a tongue-shape However, Lingula has independently undergone domain combinations to produce shell matrix collagens with EGF domains and carries lineage-specific shell matrix proteins. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Одни из древнейших плеченогих, доживших до наших дней. Craniidae. Radiographic features Lamp shells - Anatomy, Habitat, Feeding: Two major groups of brachiopods are recognized based on the articulation of the valves (shells) by teeth and sockets. Priporočila; Članki in video; E-časopis; O podjetju; Tečaji 040 544 544; Prevodi 030 Lingula adamsi Dall: 大韓民国 東北大学総合学術博物館: 109237: 標本情報: Lingula adamsi Dall: 大韓民国 東北大学総合学術博物館: 109238-1: 標本情報: Lingula adamsi Dall: 大韓民国 東北大学総合学術博物館: 109238-2: 標本情報: Lingula adamsi Dall: 大韓民国 東北大学総合 Of the 32 cases of lingular disease presented, 14 have been resected. They continue to represent them in sandy coastal seafloors from the West African coast to Australia (Emig 2008). Tečaj angleščine. In 80% of cases, lingula is supplied by one branch of the pulmonary artery, which gives off arteries for superior and inferior segments. anatina, which was then studied by Cuvier (1802). Lingula rostrum (Shaw, 1798) Family Tethyrhynchiidae Logan 1994, in Logan & Zibrowius (1994) May 1, 2003 · However the taxa of the family Lingulidae show morphological evolutionary changes despite the fact that the group appears panchronic among the Recent Brachiopoda. This virtual collection was last curated by Jonathan Hendricks on August 12, 2022. Like its relatives, it has two unadorned organo-phosphatic valves and a long fleshy stalk. ChurchilP found only four in 50 cases with bronchiectasis. Lingula Bruguière, 1791 . Radiographic features The long pedicle facilitates burrowing; extant Lingula is typically found burrowed in soft muddy sediments with only the valve edges protruding Habitat( 1 ): Lives in vertical burrows in soft substrates, generally close to the shore Barroisella, an extinct cousin of the living Lingula Superfamily Linguloidea (Early Cambrian-Recent) family Lingulidae Menke, 1828. Lingula lives in burrows in barren sandy coastal seafloor and feeds by filtering detritus from the water. S. The genus Lingula was created in 1791 (not 1797) by Bruguière and in 1801 Lamarck named the first species L. I live in a house near the mountains. Fossil Record File locality number, based on the metric N. It is most commonly described on chest X-rays and CT scans. Lingula anatina (Lamarck, 1801) –local people called Gia Bien - is one of My Wonderful Family. . Oct 1, 2022 · Lingula, the type genus of the family, has been famous since Darwin (1859) noted that it showed little morphological change since the Silurian. Recognizing the symptoms of lingular pneumonia is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. Jan 26, 2024 · Lingula Lung: An Integral Part of Respiratory Anatomy. Es principalmente un género indo-pacífico que se cosecha para consumo humano en Japón y Australia. This species has an あるいは狭義にはシャミセンガイ科の1種 Lingula jaspidea （ Lingula rostrum のシノニム、和名：ドングリシャミセンガイ [5] ）の和名ともされる [1] [2] が、ここではシャミセンガイ科を扱う。 シャミセン「貝」という名で、貝殻様の殻を持つが、貝類ではない。 The left lung, unlike the right does not have a middle lobe. Oct 15, 2023 · Lingular pneumonia is a respiratory infection that affects the left lung’s upper lobe, known as the lingula. sheets (e. Sie ähnelt in ihrer Form der Zunge, daher der Name "Lingula", was aus dem Lateinischen übersetzt "kleine Zunge" bedeutet. si. This Lingula Oct 7, 2024 · Lingula is a genus of brachiopods within the class Lingulata. g. （原始内容存档于2021-04-28） （英语）. org) is part of the APC gene superfamily, and encodes polypeptides that operate as electroneutral or electrogenic anion exchangers of monovalent and divalent anions, and in some cases and conditions as anion Lingula is a genus of brachiopods within the class Lingulata. K. In humans, the left lung does not contain a middle lobe, unlike the right lung. My father teaches mathematics, and my mother is a nurse at a big hospital. Z. Jun 1, 2017 · Lingula, which is known as tailed mussel, is a brachiopod genus of the family Lingulidae and regarded as one of the most primitive genera in brachiopods (Luo et al 2015a). from the Stranger Fm. A CT-guided biopsy of the pleural nodule revealed adenocarcinoma (Figure 9, A) positive for GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) (Figure 9, B), progesterone receptor (PR) (Figure 9, C), estrogen receptor (ER) (Figure 9, D), mammaglobin El género Lingula (Bruguiere, 1797) es el género animal más antiguo conocido que todavía contiene especies existentes. the family Lingulidae MENKE), 1828 with Lingula. Simpson (1953) used it as a classic example for bradytelic evolution and the genus is often considered to be a ‘living fossil’ (e. o. It is Consequently, traditional opinion that Lingula is a "living-fossil" should be rejected. Introduction Brachiopod, genus Lingula is a member of family Lingulidae and phylum Brachiopoda which is widely geographically distributed in Pacific and Indian, Atlantic oceans close to the west [1]. Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. The lingula can be described as a small tongue-like structure, which happens to be one of the segments of the left lung. A. Adverse childhood experience (ACE) is another strong risk factor for later substance abuse. Carcinoma was encountered in four cases. , Hammond and Poiner, 1984; but see Emig, 2003 for a different view). , 1996). He included Brachiopoda, Bryozoa (Ectoprocta) and Phoronida in his Tentaculata (= Molluscoidea) (see also MUIR-WOOD, 1955). At the end of the XIXth century, HATSCHEK (1888, p. Lingula is a genus of brachiopods in the class Lingulata. Contrariamente al pulmón derecho, el pulmón izquierdo no tiene lóbulo medio. Order LingulidaFamily Lingulidae Brachiopod: Lingula anatina (PRI 76882 Lingula. The predominating disease was bronchiectasis. Así la língula constituye la parte del lóbulo superior del pulmón izquierdo. Anatomy. Figure 1: CUVIER (1798): p. Jezikovna šola Lingula Ljubljana: jezikovni tečaji po učinkoviti govorni metodi. On both sides of the calcarine sulcus, there is a primary visual area called Broadman's area 17. Like all brachiopods, it is a filter feeder. Unless otherwise indicated, each model was created by Emily Hauf using specimens at the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. The internal organs are in the coelom, the lophophore in the mantle cavity. Compared with the remarkable morphological stasis, genetic evidence of extant Lingula species displays deep genetic divergence. “Mornings in Jenin” is a poignant story of the Abulheja family, who are forced to leave their homeland of Palestine in 1948. org. These segments contain bronchioles, alveoli, and blood vessels that facilitate gas exchange. Chakraborty* 1Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar Der Begriff Lingula wird in der Anatomie zur Bezeichnung von zungenförmigen Strukturen verwendet. S8). Craniformea contains only one class, Craniata, which contains the orders Craniida, Craniposida, and Trimerilida. Lingula lives in mud or sand and is attached at the bottom of its burrow. They prefer quiet water and protected surroundings. [3] Lingula sp. Sep 18, 2015 · Gene family expansion, domain shuffling and co-option of genes appear to be the genomic background of Lingula’s unique biomineralization. About Proposal submitted to use Lingula anatina as the species name over Lingula unguis, as the latter had been originally described by Linnaeus (1758) (as Patella unguis) from a mixture of specimens comprising gastropod mollusk and brachiopod, with the name 'unguis' being retained for the mollusk. Brachiopods are superficially similar to bivalves, both having two shells. 3 in the Transporter Classification System of Saier (www. There are two bronchopulmonary segments of the lingula: superior and inferior. In 1812 the first fossil lingulids were discovered in the Mesozoic and Palaeozoic strata of the U The lingula of the lung is a small tongue-shaped structure located on the upper lobe of the left lung. anatina. Specimens can be purchased at local markets. Het ligt in de staart (verlagen) van de nok en wordt geventileerd door de lingular bronchus segmentale bronchus (van 3 e generatie) die aftakt van de bovenkwab bronchus van de linkerlong. Are Lingula still alive? – Sage-Answer Apr 24, 2023 · For those genera that have a long stratigraphical duration, one species was placed at the base of the clade (like Lingularia for family Lingulidae, and Trematis for family Discinidae), and another species that exhibits fully developed characteristics (like Lingula for family Lingulidae, and Discinisca for family Previous studies have reported cerebellar abnormalities or static ataxia associated with risk for chronic use of alcohol and drugs. Neocrania anomala. Available for editors Present Inaccurate Introduction to the Lingulata. In some cases, the arteries for apical, anterior and posterior segments originate separately. Lingula sp. Keywords: Lampshell, lingula, reproductive biology 1. 鸭嘴海豆芽（Lingula anatina）舌形贝，俗名海豆芽，是世界上已发现生物中历史最长的腕足类海洋生物，生活在温带和热带海域。无铰纲腕足类动物，外形呈壳舌形或长卵形。壳由壳多糖组成，壳壁脆薄，壳多糖和磷灰质交互成层。其肉茎粗大且长，能在海底黏洞穴居住，肉茎可以在洞穴里自由伸缩。 Morpho-anatomical study of Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801 from West Bengal-Odisha coast, India Original Article S. wnamatvyrouzepjkrhtzmgpbmuixpwjziehmqoixyjzxjijlamdppfcchakypprursfvuggtqozmgdkvvfgqwwp